Leaflet

an open-source JavaScript library
for mobile-friendly interactive maps

← Tutorials

Extending Leaflet

Leaflet has literally hundreds of plugins. These expand the capabilities of Leaflet: sometimes in a generic way, sometimes in a very use-case-specific way.

Part of the reason there are so many plugins is that Leaflet is easy to extend. This tutorial will cover the most commonly used ways of doing so.

Please note that this tutorial assumes you have a good grasp of:

Leaflet architecture

Let’s have a look at a simplified UML Class diagram for Leaflet 1.0.0. There are more than 60 JavaScript classes, so the diagram is a bit big. Luckily we can make a zoomable image with a L.ImageOverlay:

See this example stand-alone.

From a technical point of view, Leaflet can be extended in different ways:

This tutorial covers some classes and methods available only in Leaflet 1.0.0. Use caution if you are developing a plugin for a previous version.

L.Class

JavaScript is a bit of a weird language. It’s not really an object-oriented language, but rather a prototype-oriented language. This has made JavaScript historically difficult to use class inheritance in the classic OOP meaning of the term.

Leaflet works around this by having L.Class, which eases up class inheritance.

Even though modern JavaScript can use ES6 classes, Leaflet is not designed around them.

L.Class.extend()

In order to create a subclass of anything in Leaflet, use the .extend() method. This accepts one parameter: a plain object with key-value pairs, each key being the name of a property or method, and each value being the initial value of a property, or the implementation of a method:

var MyDemoClass = L.Class.extend({

    // A property with initial value = 42
    myDemoProperty: 42,   

    // A method 
    myDemoMethod: function() { return this.myDemoProperty; }
    
});

var myDemoInstance = new MyDemoClass();

// This will output "42" to the development console
console.log( myDemoInstance.myDemoMethod() );   

When naming classes, methods and properties, adhere to the following conventions:

L.Class.include()

If a class is already defined, existing properties/methods can be redefined, or new ones can be added by using .include():

MyDemoClass.include({

    // Adding a new property to the class
    _myPrivateProperty: 78,
    
    // Redefining a method
    myDemoMethod: function() { return this._myPrivateProperty; }

});

var mySecondDemoInstance = new MyDemoClass();

// This will output "78"
console.log( mySecondDemoInstance.myDemoMethod() );

// However, properties and methods from before still exist
// This will output "42"
console.log( mySecondDemoInstance.myDemoProperty );

L.Class.initialize()

In OOP, classes have a constructor method. In Leaflet’s L.Class, the constructor method is always named initialize.

If your class has some specific options, it’s a good idea to initialize them with L.setOptions() in the constructor. This utility function will merge the provided options with the default options of the class.

var MyBoxClass = L.Class.extend({

    options: {
        width: 1,
        height: 1
    },

    initialize: function(name, options) {
        this.name = name;
        L.setOptions(this, options);
    }
    
});

var instance = new MyBoxClass('Red', {width: 10});

console.log(instance.name); // Outputs "Red"
console.log(instance.options.width); // Outputs "10"
console.log(instance.options.height); // Outputs "1", the default

Leaflet handles the options property in a special way: options available for a parent class will be inherited by a children class:.

var MyCubeClass = MyBoxClass.extend({
    options: {
        depth: 1
    }
});

var instance = new MyCubeClass('Blue');

console.log(instance.options.width); // Outputs "1", parent class default
console.log(instance.options.height); // Outputs "1", parent class default
console.log(instance.options.depth); // Outputs "1"

It’s quite common for child classes to run the parent’s constructor, and then their own constructor. In Leaflet this is achieved using L.Class.addInitHook(). This method can be used to “hook” initialization functions that run right after the class’ initialize(), for example:

MyBoxClass.addInitHook(function(){
    this._area = this.options.width * this.options.length;
});

That will run after initialize() is called (which calls setOptions()). This means that this.options exist and is valid when the init hook runs.

addInitHook has an alternate syntax, which uses method names and can fill method arguments in:

MyCubeClass.include({
    _calculateVolume: function(arg1, arg2) {
        this._volume = this.options.width * this.options.length * this.options.depth;
    }
});

MyCubeClass.addInitHook('_calculateVolume', argValue1, argValue2);

Methods of the parent class

Calling a method of a parent class is achieved by reaching into the prototype of the parent class and using Function.call(…). This can be seen, for example, in the code for L.FeatureGroup:

L.FeatureGroup = L.LayerGroup.extend({

    addLayer: function (layer) {
        …
        L.LayerGroup.prototype.addLayer.call(this, layer);
    },
    
    removeLayer: function (layer) {
        …
        L.LayerGroup.prototype.removeLayer.call(this, layer);
    },

    …
});

Calling the parent’s constructor is done in a similar way, but using ParentClass.prototype.initialize.call(this, …) instead.

Factories

Most Leaflet classes have a corresponding factory function. A factory function has the same name as the class, but in lowerCamelCase instead of UpperCamelCase:

function myBoxClass(name, options) {
    return new MyBoxClass(name, options);
}

Naming conventions

When naming classes for Leaflet plugins, please adhere to the following naming conventions: